Accipiter nisus ( Temunau pipit )

 

Accipiter nisus ( Temunau pipit )

Accipiter nisus ( Temunau pipit ) mengintai mangsa

                            Accipiter nisus ( Temunau pipit ) mengejar mangsa

A. Deskripsi Mofologi

Accipiter nisus ( Latin ) atau Temunau pipit ( Bahasa Dayak Suaid ) adalah burung pemangsa kecil dengan sayapnya yang pendek, lebar, dan ekor panjang, keduanya beradaptasi untuk bermanuver di antara pepohonan. Ukuran tubuh Betina bisa sampai 25% lebih besar dari laki-laki dan beratnya sampai dua kali lipat. Perbedaan ukuran yang mencolok ke arah ini tidak biasa pada vertebrata yang lebih tinggi tetapi khas pada burung pemangsa ,dan paling menonjol pada burung pemangsa yang berburu burung. Jantan dewasa memiliki panjang 29–34 cm (11–13 in), dengan lebar sayap 59–64 cm (23–25 in) dan massa 110–196 g (3,9–6,9 oz). Ia memiliki bagian atas abu-abu batu tulis (terkadang cenderung kebiruan), dengan bagian bawah bergaris merah halus, yang dapat terlihat oranye polos dari kejauhan Iris oranye-kuning atau oranye-merah. Betina jauh lebih besar dengan panjang 35–41 cm (14–16 inci), dengan lebar sayap 67–80 cm (26–31 inci), dan massa 185–342 g (6,5–12,1 oz) .Burung ini memiliki bagian atas berwarna coklat tua atau coklat keabu-abuan, dan bagian bawah berwarna coklat, dan warna kuning cerah sampai jingga. Remaja berwarna coklat hangat di atas, dengan pinggiran berkarat di bagian atas; dan garis kasar atau berbintik coklat di bawah, dengan mata kuning pucat; tenggorokannya memiliki garis-garis gelap dan tidak memiliki garis mesial (garis tengah).  Bagian bawah yang pucat dan bagian atas yang lebih gelap, yang membantu memecah garis besar burung. Pembatasan horizontal yang terlihat pada Accipiter nisus atau temunau pipit dewasa adalah ciri khas burung pemangsa yang tinggal di hutan, sedangkan warna kebiruan jantan dewasa juga terlihat pada burung pemakan burung lainnya. Paruh kecil Accipiter nisus atau temunau pipit digunakan untuk mencabut bulu dan memisahkan mangsanya, daripada membunuh atau memotong. Kaki dan jari kakinya yang panjang merupakan adaptasi untuk menangkap dan memakan burung. Jari kaki bagian luar "cukup panjang dan ramping"; jari kaki bagian dalam dan kaki belakang relatif pendek dan tebal. Jari kaki bagian tengah sangat panjang dan dapat digunakan untuk menggenggam benda, sedangkan tonjolan di bagian bawah jari kaki berarti bahwa jari kaki dapat ditutup tanpa meninggalkan celah, yang membantu menggenggam.Penerbangan Accipiter nisus atau temunau pipit memiliki karakteristik dengan luncuran menciptakan pola bergelombang. Spesies ini ukurannya mirip dengan sparrowhawk Levant , tetapi lebih besar dari shikra ( sebutannya berbeda. Accipiter nisus atau temunau pipit lebih kecil, lebih ramping dan memiliki sayap yang lebih pendek, ekor berujung persegi dan terbang dengan kepakan sayap yang lebih cepat.

Accipiter nisus ( Temunau pipit ) menjaga anak di sarang

Accipiter nisus ( Temunau pipit ) membawa mangsa hasil buruan

B. Makanan dan predasi

Accipiter nisus atau temunau pipit adalah predator utama burung hutan yang lebih kecil meskipun hanya 10% dari serangan perburuannya yang berhasil. Ia berburu dengan serangan mendadak, menggunakan pagar tanaman , akar di pohon, tumbuhan liar , kebun buah - buahan dan perlindungan lainnya di dekat kawasan hutan. Itu juga memanfaatkan taman di area, memanfaatkan mangsa yang ditemukan di sana. Ia menunggu, tersembunyi, burung-burung mendekat, lalu membuka penutup dan terbang dengan cepat dan rendah. Pengejaran dapat terjadi, dengan elang bahkan membalikkan badan untuk menangkap mangsa dari bawah atau mengikutinya dengan berjalan kaki melalui vegetasi. Ia bisa "membungkuk" ke mangsanya dari ketinggian. Accipiter nisus atau temunau pipit berkembang biak di daerah hutan yang tumbuh dengan baik dan luas, seringkali termasuk jenis pohon jarum atau campuran, lebih memilih hutan dengan struktur yang tidak terlalu padat atau terlalu terbuka, untuk memungkinkan pilihan jalur penerbangan. The sarang dapat ditemukan di pohon di mana dua atau tiga cabang dimulai, pada cabang horisontal di kanopi lebih rendah, atau dekat bagian atas semak tinggi. Jika tersedia, tumbuhan runjung lebih disukai. Sarang baru dibangun setiap tahun, umumnya dekat dengan sarang tahun sebelumnya, dan terkadang menggunakan ranting kayu tua ataupun menggunakan sarang lama hutan. sarang sebagai alas laki-laki melakukan sebagian besar pekerjaan. Strukturnya, terbuat dari ranting lepas dengan panjang hingga 60 cm (2,0 kaki), memiliki diameter rata-rata 60 cm (24 inci). Saat telur diletakkan, lapisan ranting halus atau potongan kulit kayu ditambahkan diatasnya. Selama musim kawin, Accipiter nisus atau temunau pipit jantan dewasa kehilangan sedikit berat badan saat memberi makan pasangannya sebelum bertelur, dan juga ketika anak burung pipit sudah besar dan membutuhkan lebih banyak makanan. Bobot betina dewasa tertinggi pada bulan Mei, saat bertelur, dan terendah pada bulan Agustus setelah siklus kawin selesai. Jumlah telur dan keberhasilan kawin tergantung pada betina yang menjaga berat badan tinggi sementara jantan memberinya makan. Kematangan seksual dicapai antara 1–3 tahun, kebanyakan Accipiter nisus atau temunau pipit tinggal di wilayah yang sama selama satu musim kawin, meskipun burung lain tetap di wilayah yang sama hingga delapan tahun. Pergantian pasangan biasanya memicu perubahan wilayah. Burung yang lebih tua cenderung tinggal di wilayah yang sama; usaha pembiakan yang gagal membuat pergerakan lebih mungkin. Burung yang memelihara teritori yang sama memiliki tingkat keberhasilan sarang yang lebih tinggi, meskipun tidak bertambah dari tahun ke tahun betina yang pindah mengalami lebih banyak keberhasilan tahun setelah berpindah wilayah. Telur berwarna biru pucat dengan bintik-bintik coklat dan masing-masing berukuran 35–46 x 28–35 mm (1,4–1,8 x 1,1–1,4 inci) dan berat sekitar 22,5 g (0,79 oz) dimana 8% adalah cangkang dalam telur sehat. Biasanya empat atau lima telur diletakkannya.Telur umumnya diletakkan pada pagi hari dengan selang waktu 2-3 hari antar telur.

C. Taxonomy

Kingdom Animalia, Divisio Chordata, Class Aves, Ordo Accipitriformes, Family Accipitridae, Genus Accipiter, Species Accipiter nisus, Nama ilmah Accipiter nisus ( Linnaeus , 1758 )

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